Large-signal time-domain equivalent circuit model for PEM fuel cell stacks
Publication date
2024-01-02
Document type
Forschungsartikel
Organisational unit
ISSN
Project
BETA
Series or journal
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
Periodical volume
52
Periodical issue
Part A
First page
1285
Last page
1299
Peer-reviewed
✅
Part of the university bibliography
✅
DDC Class
620 Ingenieurwissenschaften
Keyword
Real-time simulation
Switching dynamics
Current pulse injection
Parameter estimation
Power-electronic converter
Electric aircraft
Abstract
Hydrogen fuel cells have become one of the most viable power sources for electric aircraft. Models representing the electrical behavior of the fuel cell stack over the full dynamic operation region are essential for the development of power electronic energy systems powered by fuel cell stacks. This work presents an electrical equivalent circuit model for PEM fuel cell stacks representing the static and dynamic electrical behavior of the fuel cell stack under pulsed loads up to frequencies of 10 kHz. Dynamic phenomena on time scales slower than the considered timescale of power-electronic switching, such as reactant flow, membrane hydration, and temperature effects, are considered stationary. The parameterization method proposed is developed on measured data from a 110 W PEM fuel cell stack and validated with a set of measured data from a 2 kW stack. The time-domain simulated behavior of the parameterized model shows an accurate representation of the measured behavior: the parameterized model reproduces both the static polarization behavior and the behavior under high-frequency pulsed loading with errors of less than 1% with respect to the nominal stack voltage. The model is suitable for dynamic simulation of power electronic systems directly connected to fuel cell stacks and can be parameterized without special electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements.
Version
Published version
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