The influence of circular physical human–machine interfaces of three shoulder exoskeletons on tissue oxygenation
Publication date
2023-09-21
Document type
Forschungsartikel
Author
Organisational unit
Publisher
MDPI
Series or journal
Applied Sciences
ISSN
Periodical volume
13
Periodical issue
18
Article ID
10534
Peer-reviewed
✅
Part of the university bibliography
✅
Language
English
Abstract
Occupational shoulder exoskeletons need to provide meaningful torques to achieve the desired support, thereby high pressures can occur within the physical human–machine interface (pHMI) of exoskeletons that may lead to discomfort, pain, or soft tissue injuries. This pilot study investigates the effects of occurring circumferential pressures within the pHMI in three different shoulder exoskeletons on the tissue oxygenation underneath the interfaces in resting position and dynamic use of the exoskeletons in 12 healthy subjects using near-infrared spectroscopy. Similar to standard Vascular Occlusion Tests, the tissue oxygen decreases while wearing the exoskeletons at rest (−2.1 (1.4) %/min). Dynamic use of the exoskeleton enhances the decrease in tissue oxygen (−7.3 (4.1) %/min) significantly and leads to greater resaturation after reopening the interface compared to resting position. This can be a sign of restricted blood supply to the upper extremity while wearing the exoskeleton. The shape and width of the circular interfaces showed no effect on the tissue oxygenation during use. Tissue oxygenation can be established as an additional safety criterion of exoskeletal pHMIs. The design of pHMI of shoulder exoskeletons should be reconsidered, e.g., in terms of open structures or the elasticity of closure straps to avoid occlusion effects.
Description
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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