Hranisavljevic, Nemanja

This paper focuses on the development and implementation of a diagnosis toolchain, to identify faults and recommend actions for the system operators of the environmental control and life support system of the COLUMBUS module on the International Space Station. We present a comprehensive framework which uses different aspects of artificial intelligence to efficiently identify the necessary interventions for the system operator to stabilize the system in case of emergencies and defects. Methods such as machine learning and statistical analysis, based on time-series, are used for anomaly detection to identify potentially critical situations early and issue the corresponding warnings. Diagnostic functionality enables the identification of the causes of anomalies, integrating expert knowledge and pattern recognition algorithms to achieve accurate diagnostic results. The localization of affected system parts is crucial as fault propagation can obscure the origin of anomalies. A vital aspect of the AI system is determining possible reconfiguration measures according to the behavior of the system, offering operators various operational continuance variants in the event of damage. Based on the diagnostic results, the system identifies suitable reconfiguration measures to restore normal operation or minimize potential damage. An additional supervision module based on qualitative system models is then used to monitor, evaluate, and assess the effects of these interventions. An MLOps platform facilitates the seamless integration of the framework into existing processes, providing an agile solution for fast and reliable development, scaling, and standardized integration interfaces. The successful integration of the AI toolchain at Airbus Defense and Space exemplifies this implementation’s effectiveness, significantly reducing development times and enhancing the process’s reliability and efficiency.

This report summarizes the workshop on “Learning Approaches for Hybrid Dynamical Systems”, held at the 2025 Conference on Machine Learning for Cyber-Physical Systems (ML4CPS). The workshop aimed to strengthen collaboration and foster exchange between institutions engaged in research on model learning methods for hybrid CPSs. The participating research groups approach the topic from diverse perspectives, for example, from an application perspective, from a tool perspective, or from a fundamental and formal perspective. Accordingly, this paper synthesizes the discussions from the workshop and presents an overview of key perspectives on several central topics, including the taxonomy of hybrid systems, current learning paradigms and techniques, and particularly representative use cases.

A large palette of models and their corresponding learning algorithms have been applied to time series observed from cyber-physical systems (CPSs). For some use cases, simple linear methods are sufficient, while for others, even sophisticated machine learning approaches fail to extract subtle patterns in system behavior. To date, the literature has not examined this phenomenon adequately and lacks a comprehensive analysis linking the characteristics of CPSs with the suitability of different models and learning algorithms. In this work, after examining the complexity of multiple real-world and artificial CPS use cases, we identify several key aspects that distinguish them: 1) the number of system variables, 2) the degree of interdependence between discrete-event part and continuous part of the system, and 3) the number of unobserved system inputs. By analyzing the approaches successfully applied in the respective use cases, we were able to distill preferred techniques for addressing systems of different complexity levels.