openHSU – Research Showcase

Die Bedeutung der elektrischen Energieversorgung in maritimen Systemen, insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund technologisch hochentwickelter Schiffe wie Passagierschiffe und Tanker, kann nicht unterschätzt werden. Die Betriebssicherheit und Zuverlässigkeit dieser Systeme wird erheblich durch die Qualität der Stromversorgung beeinflusst. Ereignisse wie der Unfall auf der RMS Queen Mary 2 im Jahr 2010 verursacht durch den Ausfall eines Oberschwingungsfilters, verdeutlichen die kritische Notwendigkeit einer kontinuierlichen Überwachung und Bewertung der Netzqualität.

Hydrogen storage in porous geological formations can potentially provide large-scale, seasonal storage of energy. This study investigates the effect of relative permeability hysteresis on the storage processes, particularly addressing the effects on the dynamics of the hydrogen plume, on the two-phase flow regime in the wellbore, and on the storage operations. Numerical simulations of the underground hydrogen storage processes are conducted for scenarios which account for and which ignore hysteresis. The hysteretic constitutive relationships used are based on two independent, experimentally derived datasets from literature. In scenarios that account for hysteresis, the hydrogen plume is less mobile and the hydrogen mass is more dispersed than in scenarios without hysteresis. In addition, hysteresis leads to increased brine upconing and influx into the production borehole. A simple analysis of the two-phase flow regime in the borehole provides an estimate of the required minimum flow rate to ensure annular flow. Though different, both hysteretic constitutive relationships used in this study yield the same trend. All the effects of hysteresis mentioned above are detrimental for hydrogen recovery and tend to be more significant in the first few storage cycles. Operationally, these problems could be addressed by providing for a rest period between injection and production that is long enough to let the hydrogen plume accumulate near the well and potentially by the use of a cushion gas.

The teaching of medicine is in a state of flux. New technologies enable students to learn faster and more efficiently than ever before. Especially the possibilities that augmented reality brings with it can be applied very well in this field. The possibility to project additional information directly into the user’s field of vision allows him to perceive additional knowledge without being distracted from the actual work. In this paper, a possibility of training Mamma Palpation is presented, which teaches students the course of action and the detection of possible tumors through virtual points. Through guideline-based interviews, added value for teaching could be highlighted.

The current information era provides the population with new innovative technologies, including extended reality (XR). These innovations enhance their scope with new opportunities. While extended reality found its way into medical teaching, its application is limmited. Causal is the lack of haptic feedback, which limits the immersive experience. While simulation devices exist, haptic gloves are oftentimes only applicable for enterprise use and not available for everyone, because of their high prices. Therefore Lucas VRTech developed the LucidGloves to allow a widespread use of cheap haptic gloves. In this paper, a suitability test is performed to determine whether the Prototype 4 of the LucidGloves is suitable for use in medical teaching, based on expert interviews with four physicians.

Purpose: Our aim was to assess intelligence, visual perception and working memory in children with new-onset Rolandic epilepsy (RE) and children with Rolandic discharges without seizures (RD). Methods: The participants in the study were 12 children with RE and 26 children with RD aged 4 to 10 years (all without medication and shortly after diagnosis) and 31 healthy controls. Their cognitive performance was assessed using the German versions of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-III), the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV), the Developmental Test of Visual Perception-2 (DTVP-2), the Developmental Test of Visual Perception-Adolescent and Adult (DTVP-A) (each according to age) and the Word Order, Hand Movements and Spatial Memory subtests of the German version of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC). Results: The comparison of the entire group of children with RE/RD and the control group conducted in the first step of our analysis revealed a weaker performance of the children with RE/RD in all cognitive domains. Significant deficits, however, were found exclusively in the RD group. Compared to the controls, they performed significantly weaker regarding IQ (full scale IQ: p < 0.001; verbal IQ: p < 0.001; performance IQ: p = 0.002; processing speed: p = 0.005), visual perception (general visual perception: p = 0.005; visual–motor integration: p = 0.002) and working memory (WISC working memory: p = 0.002 and K-ABC Word Order (p = 0.010) and Hand Movements (p = 0.001) subtests. Also, the children without seizures scored significantly lower than those with seizures on the WISC Working Memory Index (p = 0.010) and on the K-ABC Word Order (p = 0.021) and Hand Movements (p = 0.027) subtests. Further analysis of our data demonstrated the particular importance of the family context for child development. Significant cognitive deficits were found only in children with RD from parents with lower educational levels. This group consistently scored lower compared to the control group regarding IQ (full scale IQ: p < 0.001; verbal IQ: p < 0.001; performance IQ: p = 0.012; processing speed: p = 0.034), visual perception (general visual perception: p = 0.018; visual–motor integration: p = 0.010) and auditory working memory (WISC working memory: p = 0.014). Furthermore, compared to the children with RE, they performed significantly weaker on verbal IQ (p = 0.020), auditory working memory consistently (WISC working memory: p = 0.027; K-ABC: Word Order: p = 0.046) as well as in one of the K-ABC spatial working memory subtests (Hand Movements: p = 0.029). Although we did not find significant deficits in children with new-onset RE compared to healthy controls, the performance of this group tended to be weaker more often. No statistically significant associations were observed between selected clinical markers (focus types: centrotemporal/other foci/laterality of foci and spread of Rolandic discharges) and cognitive test results. Except for spatial working memory, we also found no evidence that the age of our patients at the time of study participation was of significant importance to their cognitive performance. Conclusions: Our study provides some evidence that children with Rolandic discharges, with and without seizures, may be at higher risk of cognitive impairment. In addition to medical care, we emphasise early differentiated psychosocial diagnostics to provide these children and their families with targeted support if developmental problems are present.

Measurement invariance of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition (WISC-V) 10-primary subtest battery was analyzed across a group of children and adolescents with ADHD (n = 91) and a control group (n = 91) matched by sex, age, migration background, and parental education or type of school. First, confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were performed to establish the model fit for the WISC-V second-order five-factor model in each group. A sufficiently good fit of the model was found for the data in both groups. Subsequently, multigroup confirmatory factor analyses (MGCFAs) were conducted to test for measurement invariance across the ADHD and control group. Results of these analyses indicated configural and metric invariance but did not support full scalar invariance. However, after relaxing equality constraints on the Vocabulary (VC), Digit Span (DS), Coding (CD), Symbol Search (SS), and Picture Span (PS) subtest intercepts as well as on the intercepts of the first-order factors Working Memory (WM) and Processing Speed (PS), partial scalar invariance could be obtained. Furthermore, model-based reliability coefficients indicated that the WISC-V provides a more precise measurement of general intelligence (e.g., represented by the Full-Scale IQ, FSIQ) than it does for cognitive subdomains (e.g., represented by the WISC-V indexes). Group comparisons revealed that the ADHD group scored significantly lower than the control group on four primary subtests, thus achieving significantly lower scores on the corresponding primary indexes and the FSIQ. Given that measurement invariance across the ADHD and the control group could not be fully confirmed for the German WISC-V, clinical interpretations based on the WISC-V primary indexes are limited and should only be made with great caution regarding the cognitive profiles of children and adolescents with ADHD.

The concepts of executive function (EF) and effortful control (EC) are strikingly similar. EF originates from neurocognitive research and is described as an accumulation of cognitive processes that serve the goal‐oriented self‐regulation of an individual. EC originates from temperament research and is defined as the efficiency of executive attention, including the ability to inhibit a dominant response, activate a subdominant response, proceed in a planned manner, and recognize conflicts or errors. The aim of this article was to examine the association between the constructs of EF and EC at the preschool age. Eighty‐eight children (49 female; M‐age = 3.93 years, SD = 0.78) were tested with a computerized battery designed to assess EF at 3–6 years of age (EF Touch). Children's parents completed questionnaires assessing EF impairments (BRIEF‐P) and EC (children's behavior questionnaire [CBQ]). Associations between the constructs and their conceptual overlap were analyzed using correlations and confirmatory factor analyses. We found significant correlations between EF and EC measures. A two‐factor confirmatory model fitted the data better than a one‐factor model of self‐regulation. Therefore, our results show that measures of EC and EF have substantial overlap but are separable.

Introduction Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a transformative technology impacting various sectors of society and the economy. Understanding the factors influencing AI adoption is critical for both research and practice. This study focuses on two key objectives: (1) validating an extended version of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in the context of AI by integrating the Big Five personality traits and AI mindset, and (2) conducting an exploratory k-prototype analysis to classify AI adopters based on demographics, AI-related attitudes, and usage patterns. Methods A sample of N = 1,007 individuals individuals (60% female; M = 30.92; SD = 8.63 years) was collected. Psychometric data were obtained using validated scales for TAM constructs, Big Five personality traits, and AI mindset. Regression analysis was used to validate TAM, and a k-prototype clustering algorithm was applied to classify participants into adopter categories. Results The psychometric analysis confirmed the validity of the extended TAM. Perceived usefulness was the strongest predictor of attitudes towards AI usage (β = 0.34, p < 0.001), followed by AI mindset scale growth (β = 0.28, p < 0.001). Additionally, openness was positively associated with perceived ease of use (β = 0.15, p < 0.001). The k-prototype analysis revealed four distinct adopter clusters, consistent with the diffusion of innovations model: early adopters (n = 218), early majority (n = 331), late majority (n = 293), and laggards (n = 165). Discussion The findings highlight the importance of perceived usefulness and AI mindset in shaping attitudes toward AI adoption. The clustering results provide a nuanced understanding of AI adopter types, aligning with established innovation diffusion theories. Implications for AI deployment strategies, policy-making, and future research directions are discussed.